Breakbulk cargo

Key takeaways

• Definition: Breakbulk cargo refers to goods not containerized, loaded individually or in smaller units.
• How it works: Breakbulk cargo is loaded individually with precise placement using equipment like cranes, secured to prevent shifting during transit.
• Types: Breakbulk cargo encompasses a variety of goods, including heavy machinery, steel, project cargo, forestry products, vehicles, general cargo, oversized items, and bulk materials.
• Pros and cons: Breakbulk cargo offers versatility, protection, customization, and accessibility but can be time-consuming, costly, pose security risks, face space constraints, and have environmental impact concerns.
• Explore your options: Explore options with industry-leading platforms like Truckstop for breakbulk cargo load boards and uShip for experienced shippers. 

How it works

Breakbulk cargo loading is a meticulous process. Each item, be it machinery, steel, or other goods, is carefully positioned on the ship's deck or in its holds. Cranes, forklifts, or other heavy equipment are employed for precise placement. Unlike containerized cargo, breakbulk items vary in size, shape, and weight, making stowage an art that optimizes space and maintains balance on the vessel.

Securing the cargo is critical to prevent shifting or damage during the voyage. This may involve using lashings, chains, or braces to anchor the items securely. Breakbulk loading often takes more time and involves more manual labor compared to containerization.

The importance of breakbulk cargo lies in its ability to transport items that cannot fit into standard containers due to their size, shape, or weight. Industries like construction, manufacturing, and energy heavily rely on breakbulk shipping for transporting large machinery, equipment, or project cargo. Without breakbulk shipping, these industries would face logistical challenges and increased costs, affecting the overall efficiency of the supply chain.

Breakbulk cargo types

Heavy machinery

This category includes items like excavators, cranes, bulldozers, and manufacturing machinery. They are often too large or heavy for standard containers, making breakbulk shipping essential. Securing and protecting these valuable items during transit is crucial.

Steel and metals

Breakbulk cargo in this category ranges from raw steel coils and pipes to finished metal products like beams and plates. Proper loading and securing prevent deformation and damage during shipment.

Project cargo

These are specialized and often oversized items for large construction or industrial projects. Examples include wind turbine blades, offshore drilling equipment, and modular buildings. Project cargo may require custom-built cradles or supports for safe transport.

Forestry products

Timber, lumber, and paper products are shipped breakbulk due to their size and weight. Stacking and securing methods prevent warping or damage, ensuring the cargo arrives in good condition.

Vehicles

Cars, trucks, and heavy machinery are frequently shipped individually on roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) vessels or using specialized equipment. RoRo vessels have ramps for vehicles to be driven on and off.

General cargo 

This catch-all category includes various goods loaded onto pallets, crates, or drums. It covers a wide range of products, such as machinery parts, consumer goods, or industrial supplies.

Oversized and awkward items

These items can be uniquely shaped or exceptionally large, such as large sculptures, industrial boilers, or oversized tanks. They often require custom loading and securing solutions.

Bulk cargo 

While most bulk cargo is loaded directly into a ship's holds, some bulk materials like grain, minerals, or liquids may be containerized within the ship using specialized equipment to facilitate discharge at the destination.

In each case, the goal is to ensure safe and efficient transportation by addressing the specific needs and challenges posed by the type of breakbulk cargo being shipped. Proper handling, stowage, and securing are essential to minimize the risk of damage and maintain the integrity of the cargo.

Pros and cons

Pros

• Versatility: Breakbulk cargo can handle a wide range of goods, including those that are oversized, irregularly shaped, or extremely heavy. This flexibility makes it suitable for diverse industries and cargo types.
• Protection: Breakbulk cargo is loaded individually and often secured with care. This reduces the risk of damage from items shifting during transport or coming into contact with one another. Each piece of cargo can be inspected and protected more thoroughly.
• Customization: Loading and securing methods can be tailored to the specific needs of each type of cargo. This customization ensures that fragile items receive the appropriate support and protection, enhancing the safety of transport.
• Accessibility: Breakbulk cargo is more accessible during loading and unloading. This makes it easier to inspect, maintain, or repair individual items if needed. In contrast, containerized cargo may require unloading the entire container to access a specific item.
• Cost-efficiency: For certain cargo types or shipping routes, breakbulk shipping can be more cost-effective than containerization. This cost advantage may result from reduced container handling fees or the ability to optimize cargo placement for efficiency.

Cons 

• Time-consuming: Loading and unloading breakbulk cargo is a labor-intensive process that often takes more time than containerized cargo handling. This can lead to delays in shipping schedules.
• Higher costs: Breakbulk cargo handling requires specialized equipment and manual labor, which can be more expensive compared to the standardized processes of containerization. Costs can include crane operations, securing materials, and skilled labor.
• Security risks: Individual cargo items in breakbulk shipments may be more susceptible to theft or damage during transit because they are more accessible. Proper security measures are essential to mitigate these risks.
• Space constraints: Breakbulk cargo occupies the deck and holds space on ships, which can be limited. This can lead to space shortages on high-demand shipping routes, potentially affecting cargo availability.
• Environmental impact: Handling heavy machinery or oversized cargo often requires more fuel consumption, resulting in a larger carbon footprint compared to containerized shipping. This can be a concern for companies focused on sustainability.

The choice between breakbulk and containerized shipping depends on various factors, including the nature of the cargo, shipping routes, time sensitivity, and cost considerations. Each method has its unique advantages and disadvantages, and the decision should be based on the specific needs of the cargo and the supply chain.

Explore your options

Now that you've delved into the world of breakbulk cargo and its unique characteristics, it's time to consider your shipping strategies. If you're looking to transport breakbulk cargo or find suitable shippers, consider utilizing industry-leading platforms like Truckstop for accessing breakbulk cargo load boards or uShip for connecting with shippers experienced in handling this specialized cargo.

These trusted partners have established themselves as reliable sources for all your breakbulk shipping needs. By leveraging their expertise and networks, you can efficiently navigate the world of breakbulk cargo and ensure the smooth transportation of your valuable goods.